Revolving armature for electric machines



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

E. A. SPBRRY. RBVOLVING ARMATURB FOR ELECTRIC MAGHINBS.

Patented July 11, 1893.

(No Model.) l 2 sheets-sheet 2. E. A. SPBRRY. EEvCEvNC AEMAEUEE ECE ELECTRIC MACHINES. No. 501,194. Patented July 11, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELMER A. SPERRY, OE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE SPERRY ELECTRIC RAILIVAY COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

REVOLVING ARMATURE FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 501,194, dated July 11, 1893.

Application filed January 8, 1892. Serial No. 417,419. (No model.)

To all whom. it may concern;

Be it known that I, ELMEE A. SPEEEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Revolving Armatures for Electric Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to revolving armatures for dynamo-motors; and it consists in certain details of construction of the shaft, the arrangement of disk, slots in the disk,in sulation, and of numerous other details as described in the following specification and especially pointed out in the claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the armature. Fig. 2 is a varied form. Fig. 3 illustrates the disks. Fig. 4 illustrates saine, also showing washer between disks. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate an exterior view of one of the slots, with the windings therein, and also illustrate the coil-bonds.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several drawings.

The armature A consists of turned portions at the two ends and a square portion more or less centrally located. Near the squared portion is a screw-thread or threads indicated at B. Co-operating with the threads are the nuts C and C. Disks are slipped on to the square shaft in metal contact therewith, and are separated by insulation D. These disks are indicated at D. Small washers are slipped on, shown at E E, separating the mass into groups of disks. End iianges F are shown which have squared apertures with hubs protruding out toward the nuts C. The flange F in Fig. 2 is provided with a shorter hub, it being brought against a shoulder A of the shaft. The disks may be provided with small slots, as fully described in my Patent No. 434,096,dated August 12, 1890, or my applications, Serial No. 409,583, filed the 23d day of October, 1891; Serial No. 411,983, filed the 16th day of November, 1891; and Serial No. 415,397, led the 17thday of December, 1891, or they may may be slotted for reception of the coils, by the rectangular slot shown in Figs. 3 and 4. When slotted for the reception of the coils, I make the slots in the disks of two sizes, one of which is used throughout the body of the armature, and the other andlarger size is used at the ends for a purpose which will appear hereinafter, or where the slots are provided with a contracted opening at the surface or perimeter of the disk I have three sizes of dies by means of which the slots are made, the larger ones being used at the ends in the same manner as just described and the medium ones or ones with straight opening out are used in groups along thelength of the armature as shown in Figs. 5 and G, the latter being shown at G, the ones of the contracted opening` being shown at G, the ones with the enlarged opening being shown at H, Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5.

Insulations I are provided which extend through practically the entire length of the armature; and reinforcing insulation I occupies the enlargement at the ends, see Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 6. The contracted opening of the disk G is utilized to grasp the coil-bond .I which conforms at its ends to the shape of such contraction. Other shapes for this contraction may be used from that shown in Fig. 4. The coil bond J may consist of metal, but preferably of an insulating substance. This bond is not necessarily a wedge but is preferably niade a nice lit to the contracted walls of the slot, and for this purpose the slots G are provided so that after they, the bonds, are let down against the coil it is not necessary to force them sidewise but a short distance, thereby preventing the abrasion and consequent reduction in size. It is not necessary to have but a few of these owing to the fact that the coil is deeply embedded in the ar-v mature. The intervening spaces are of great value for the purpose of ventilation. As an insulation between the disks I prefer to oxidize their surfaces. This may be done with either magnetic or nonmagnetic oxide. The ring E may be of insulating material, but I prefer to make it of metal, such as brass, copper, zinc or the like; I have, however, located it in such a position as to be practically out of the sweep of the magnetic lines and it may therefore be made of iron or steel.

The office of the open spaces which divide the armature disks into groups is to prevent ICO not only the formation of Foucault currents, but also to prevent the leakage laterally of the lines of force which is the principal source of heating in armatures of this class.

The use and operation of myinvention will be readily understood from the foregoing. The squared shaft having a thread at each end of the squared portion may be manufactured from square material about the size required at A', without forging or otherwise working the same.

In Fig. 2 the enlarged boss at A is required to be forged or otherwise raised upon the material before squaring, which latter process for obvious reasons cannot proceed longitudinally. In case of Fig. l the two flanges F are of uniform size and shape, hence interchangeable which is not true of Fig. 2. By using a squared shaft and squared apertures in the disk no bolts are required to run through the armature and where the armatures are slotted as described it is especially desirable that the slots be madein the disks before they are placed upon the shaft, and they should afterward be maintained in absolute alignment. If bolts are used their distance from the center necessitates some form of insulation, the deterioration of which allows the disk to be arranged as to line'. The square shaft and square aperture in the center of disk fitti-Inr in solid metal contact upon such square shaft hold everything in positive alignment which obviates the difficulties enumerated. In build-ing up the armature the ange F or F is slipped upon the squared portion of the shaft, then the disks Il followed bythe disks G through which latter mass groups of disks G are interspersed as required, the whole mass being broken up by small washers E as frequently as found necessary. After all are in position the nuts C C are brought forward compressing the entire mass into a solid core ready to receive insulation. This is applied upon the surface substantially as described in the above named patent or a troughshaped insulation is previously formed and introduced in the slots together with the reinforcing insulation I which protrude froml the ends of the armatures, being introduced for instance under the trough-shaped insulation Ia short distance only. The windings-are then placed within or upon the armature, any of the well known systems being employed, when the coilbonds J in case of armatures shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, are introduced, being first let down onto the surface of the coil through the openings provided in the disk G, then slipped along to positions adjacent tol said openings, where they are allowed to remain with intervening spaces between them for purposes of ventilation as described. Other forms of insulation may be used, or the flanges F might be forced upon the shaft by artificial means, and then secured insuch position by being pinned, the exact details of construction not being essential to the essence of the invention.

While it is designed to use all the parts, or nearly all of them in the relation shown, yet it will readily be understood that some of them may be used wit-hout the others without departing from the spirit of the invention; for instance the coil-bonds, slots and the use of oxidation as the means of insulation are all equally applicable to ring armatures as to the type shown.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters l. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft having a squared portion, insulated disks provided with square apertures fitting said squared portion, grooves in said disks entering from the periphery toward the center, and franges on either end of the armature, provided with means for forcibly compressing said disks.

2. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft having a squared portion, insulated disks provided with square apertures fitting said squared portion, grooves in said disks entering from the periphery toward the center, and flanges of less diameter than the disks, on either end of the armature, provided with means for forcibly compressing said disks.

3. In an armature for an. electric machine, a shaft having' a squared portion, insulated disks provided with square apertures fitting said squared portion, grooves in said disks entering from the periphery toward the center, and flanges-on either end of the armature, provided with a square aperture also fitting `the squared portion of the shaft, so located upon the shaft,that the squared portion enters such aperture,in combinationwith means for forcing the disks toward each other.

4. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft having a squared portion, insulated disks provided with square apertures fitting said squared portion, thel disks being of two classes provided with grooves of different size, and so disposed upon the shaft that the `grooves of larger size are in the end disks next the flange, being. next under the flanges,

flanges of diameter less than the diameter of the disks on either end of the armature, and means for forein g the disks toward each other.

5. In an armature for an electric machine,

`a shaft, insulated disksforming the body of the core, being divided into two classes, each .class provided with grooves of different size, and so disposed upon the shaft that the grooves fof a larger size are in the disks at either end of the armature, substantially for the purpose specified.

6. In an armature for an electric machine,

"a shaft, insulated disks mounted thcreon,be ling divided into two classes, each class pro- `vided with grooves of different size, and so disposed upon the shaft that the grooves of a larger size are in the disks at either end of the armature, insulation within such slots extending` throughout the length of the arma-- ture, being thicker at each end and substantially fitting the enlarged slot, substantially for the purpose specified.

7. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft having a squared portion, insulated disks provided with square apertures fitting said squared portion, and flanges provided with square apertures also fitting the squared portion of the shaft, located upon the shaft so that the squared portion enters such apertures, in combination with a screw at either end of the squared portion upon the shaft, for forcing the flanges toward each other, substantially for the purpose specified.

8. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body1 of the core being divided into classes, each class provided with grooves diering as to shape, such grooves entering the disks from the periphery toward the center, their shape being in the case of one class such that the exterior or peripheral opening thereof is contracted, smaller in Width circumferentially at this point than at a point farther removed from the circumference, a second class provided with grooves of same shape and size except that they are not contracted at the periphery; the armature being made up of groups of (filisks of these classes, substantially as speci- 9. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body of the core, being divided into classes, each class provided with grooves differing as to shape, such grooves entering the disks from the periphery toward the center, their shape being` in the case of one class such that the exterior or peripheral opening thereof is contracted, smaller in Width circumferentially at this point than at a point farther removed from the circumference, a second class provided with grooves of same shape and size except that they are not contracted at the periphery, the body of the armature being made up of groups of disks of these classes combined With disks provided with grooves or slots in their peri pheries substantially the same shape as the grooves in the other classes, but longer, these last named disks located at the ends of the armature, substantially for the purpose specified.

lO. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body of the core, provided With slots in their peripheries, presenting a contracted opening on the surface of the armature less than the Whole length of said armature, in combination with two or more coil-bonds as J, retained under the contraction of such openings and exterior to the coil.

1l. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body of the core, provided with slots in their peripheries, presenting a contracted opening on the surface of the armature broken at intervals by portions of the slot of full Width, in combination with comparatively short coil-bonds retained Within the contracted portions of the opening and separated by intervening spaces, substantially for the purpose specified.

l2. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body of the core, provided with slots in their peripheries, presenting a contracted opening on the surface of the armature broken at intervals by portions of the slot of full Width for insertion of the coil-bonds, comparatively short coil-bonds retained within the contracted portions of the opening adjacent to or near by the full Width portions.

13. In an armature for an electric machine, a shaft, insulated disks forming the body of the core, provided with slots in their peripheries, presenting a contracted opening on the surface of the armature broken at intervals by portions of the slot of full Width, insulated coils Within such slots, in combination with comparatively short coil-bonds retained Witl1- in the contracted portions of the openings exterior to such coils, substantially for the purpose specified.

i4. An armature, the body of which is made up of a series of iron disks insulated from each other by layers of oxide, and divided into groups by intervening spaces running from the periphery of the armature down nearly to the center thereof, substantially as shown.

ELMER A. SPERRY.

Witnesses:

C. E. HUNT, T. H. BROWN. 

